Job

Job 30

31 verses · Wisdom · Old Testament

1“But now those who are younger than I have me in derision, whose fathers I considered unworthy to put with my sheep dogs. 2Of what use is the strength of their hands to me, men in whom ripe age has perished? 3They are gaunt from lack and famine. They gnaw the dry ground, in the gloom of waste and desolation. 4They pluck salt herbs by the bushes. The roots of the broom tree are their food. 5They are driven out from among men. They cry after them as after a thief; 6So that they dwell in frightful valleys, and in holes of the earth and of the rocks. 7They bray among the bushes. They are gathered together under the nettles . 8They are children of fools, yes, children of wicked men. They were flogged out of the land.
9“Now I have become their song. Yes, I am a byword to them. 10They abhor me, they stand aloof from me, and don’t hesitate to spit in my face. 11For he has untied his cord, and afflicted me; and they have thrown off restraint before me. 12On my right hand rise the rabble. They thrust aside my feet, They cast up against me their ways of destruction. 13They mar my path. They promote my destruction without anyone’s help. 14As through a wide breach they come. They roll themselves in amid the ruin. 15Terrors have turned on me. They chase my honor as the wind. My welfare has passed away as a cloud.
16“Now my soul is poured out within me. Days of affliction have taken hold of me. 17In the night season my bones are pierced in me, and the pains that gnaw me take no rest. 18My garment is disfigured by great force. It binds me about as the collar of my tunic. 19He has cast me into the mire. I have become like dust and ashes. 20I cry to you, and you do not answer me. I stand up, and you gaze at me. 21You have turned to be cruel to me. With the might of your hand you persecute me. 22You lift me up to the wind, and drive me with it. You dissolve me in the storm. 23For I know that you will bring me to death, To the house appointed for all living.
24“However doesn’t one stretch out a hand in his fall? Or in his calamity therefore cry for help? 25Didn’t I weep for him who was in trouble? Wasn’t my soul grieved for the needy? 26When I looked for good, then evil came. When I waited for light, darkness came. 27My heart is troubled, and doesn’t rest. Days of affliction have come on me. 28I go mourning without the sun. I stand up in the assembly, and cry for help. 29I am a brother to jackals, and a companion to ostriches. 30My skin grows black and peels from me. My bones are burned with heat. 31Therefore my harp has turned to mourning, and my pipe into the voice of those who weep.

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What others are saying

4 commentators · 70 notes on this chapter

Matthew HenryEnglish Puritan / Nonconformist · 1708–17142

Writes as a pastor rather than a critic. Expect devotional and practical application over historical or linguistic analysis, read through a Reformed covenantal frame — and expect the Old Testament to be read forward toward Christ throughout.

Why this voice is here: The most widely read English commentary for three centuries. Included as a baseline: where Henry and a modern voice diverge, the divergence itself is usually the interesting part.

v. 1–14

Here Job makes a very large and sad complaint of the great disgrace he had fallen into, from the height of honour and reputation, which was exceedingly grievous and cutting to such an ingenuous spirit as Job's was. Two things he insists upon as greatly…

v. 15–31

In this second part of Job's complaint, which is very bitter, and has a great many sorrowful accents in it, we may observe a great deal that he complains of and some little that he comforts himself with. I. Here is much that he complains of. 1. In general, it…

John GillParticular Baptist / High Calvinist · 1746–176331

The most exhaustive and the most doctrinally committed here. Expect high — even supralapsarian — Calvinism applied consistently, and unusually heavy use of rabbinic and Talmudic sources for Jewish context. Where a passage bears on election or the will, Gill will read it in one direction, and knowing that in advance is the point.

Why this voice is here: The strongest Calvinist reading available in the public domain, and the best on Jewish background. Read alongside Clarke, not instead of him — between them you get both sides of the argument.

v. 1

But now they that are younger than I have me in derision,.... Meaning not his three friends, who were men in years, and were not, at least all of them, younger than he, see Job 15:10; nor were they of such a mean extraction, and such low-lived creatures, and…

v. 2

Yea, whereto might the strength of their hands profit me,.... For though they were strong, lusty, hale men, able to do business, yet their strength was to sit still and fold their hands in their bosoms, so that their strength was of no profit or avail to…

v. 3

For want and famine they were solitary,.... The Targum interprets it, without children; but then this cannot be understood of the fathers; rather through famine and want they were reduced to the utmost extremity, and were as destitute of food as a rock, or…

Keil & DelitzschGerman Lutheran, conservative-critical · 1861–18758

The technical one, and Old Testament only. Expect Hebrew grammar, textual argument, and direct engagement with nineteenth-century critical scholarship — closer to a scholarly apparatus than a devotional read. Where a modern critic claims a text is late or composite, this is where the conservative counter-argument was made.

Why this voice is here: Old Testament only, and heavy going — but the place to look when someone asserts a passage cannot mean what it appears to.

v. 1–4

1 And now they who are younger than I have me in derision, Those whose fathers I disdained To set with the dogs of my flock. 2 Yea, the strength of their hands, what should it profit me? They have lost vigour and strength. 3 They are benumbed from want and…

v. 5–8

5 They are driven forth from society, They cry after them as after a thief. 6 In the most dismal valleys they must dwell, In holes of the earth and in rocks. 7 Among the bushes they croak, Under nettles are they poured forth, 8 Sons of fools, yea sons of base…

v. 9–12

9 And now I am become their song, And a by-word to them. 10 They avoid me, they flee far from me, And spare not my face with spitting. 11 For my cord of life He hath loosed, and afflicted me, Therefore they let loose the bridle recklessly. 12 The rabble…

Jamieson, Fausset & BrownScottish Presbyterian / Reformed · 187129

The concise option. Three authors split the canon, so the voice shifts between sections. Expect brief, sober, conservative notes that resolve difficulties rather than dwelling on them — useful for orientation, thinner than Gill or Clarke where a passage is genuinely contested.

Why this voice is here: The quickest way to see what the mainstream Reformed reading of a passage is. Start here, then go to Gill or Clarke when it matters.

v. 2

If their fathers could be of no profit to me, much less the sons, who are feebler than their sires; and in whose case the hope of attaining old age is utterly gone, so puny are they (Job 5:26) [MAURER]. Even if they had "strength of hands," that could be now…

v. 3

solitary--literally, "hard as a rock"; so translate, rather, "dried up," emaciated with hunger. Job describes the rudest race of Bedouins of the desert [UMBREIT]. fleeing--So the Septuagint. Better, as Syriac, Arabic, and Vulgate, "gnawers of the wilderness."…

v. 4

mallows--rather, "salt-wort," which grows in deserts and is eaten as a salad by the poor [MAURER]. by the bushes--among the bushes. juniper--rather, a kind of broom, Spartium junceum [LINNÆUS], still called in Arabia, as in the Hebrew of Job, retem, of which…

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