Job

Job 34

37 verses · Wisdom · Old Testament

1Moreover Elihu answered,

2“Hear my words, you wise men. Give ear to me, you who have knowledge. 3For the ear tries words, as the palate tastes food. 4Let us choose for us that which is right. Let us know among ourselves what is good. 5For Job has said, ‘I am righteous, God has taken away my right: 6Notwithstanding my right I am considered a liar. My wound is incurable, though I am without disobedience.’ 7What man is like Job, who drinks scorn like water, 8Who goes in company with the workers of iniquity, and walks with wicked men? 9For he has said, ‘It profits a man nothing that he should delight himself with God.’
10“Therefore listen to me, you men of understanding: far be it from God, that he should do wickedness, from the Almighty, that he should commit iniquity. 11For the work of a man he will render to him, and cause every man to find according to his ways. 12Yes surely, God will not do wickedly, neither will the Almighty pervert justice. 13Who put him in charge of the earth? Or who has appointed him over the whole world? 14If he set his heart on himself, if he gathered to himself his spirit and his breath, 15all flesh would perish together, and man would turn again to dust.
16“If now you have understanding, hear this. Listen to the voice of my words. 17Should even one who hates justice govern? Will you condemn him who is righteous and mighty?— 18Who says to a king, ‘Vile!’ or to nobles, ‘Wicked!’? 19He doesn’t respect the persons of princes, nor respect the rich more than the poor; for they all are the work of his hands. 20In a moment they die, even at midnight. The people are shaken and pass away. The mighty are taken away without a hand.
21“For his eyes are on the ways of a man. He sees all his goings. 22There is no darkness, nor thick gloom, where the workers of iniquity may hide themselves. 23For he doesn’t need to consider a man further, that he should go before God in judgment. 24He breaks mighty men in pieces in ways past finding out, and sets others in their place. 25Therefore he takes knowledge of their works. He overturns them in the night, so that they are destroyed. 26He strikes them as wicked men in the open sight of others; 27because they turned away from following him, and wouldn’t pay attention to any of his ways, 28so that they caused the cry of the poor to come to him. He heard the cry of the afflicted. 29When he gives quietness, who then can condemn? When he hides his face, who then can see him? He is over a nation or a man alike, 30that the godless man may not reign, that there be no one to ensnare the people.
31“For has any said to God, ‘I am guilty, but I will not offend any more. 32Teach me that which I don’t see. If I have done iniquity, I will do it no more’? 33Shall his recompense be as you desire, that you refuse it? For you must choose, and not I. Therefore speak what you know. 34Men of understanding will tell me, yes, every wise man who hears me: 35‘Job speaks without knowledge. His words are without wisdom.’ 36I wish that Job were tried to the end, because of his answering like wicked men. 37For he adds rebellion to his sin. He claps his hands among us, and multiplies his words against God.”

Commentary

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What others are saying

5 commentators · 113 notes on this chapter

Matthew HenryEnglish Puritan / Nonconformist · 1708–17144

Writes as a pastor rather than a critic. Expect devotional and practical application over historical or linguistic analysis, read through a Reformed covenantal frame — and expect the Old Testament to be read forward toward Christ throughout.

Why this voice is here: The most widely read English commentary for three centuries. Included as a baseline: where Henry and a modern voice diverge, the divergence itself is usually the interesting part.

v. 1–9

Here, I. Elihu humbly addresses himself to the auditors, and endeavours, like an orator, to gain their good-will and their favourable attention. 1. He calls them wise men, and men that had knowledge, Job 34:2. It is comfortable dealing with such as understand…

v. 10–15

The scope of Elihu's discourse to reconcile Job to his afflictions and to pacify his spirit under them. In order to this he had shown, in the foregoing chapter, that God meant him no hurt in afflicting him, but intended it for his spiritual benefit. In this…

v. 16–30

Elihu here addresses himself more directly to Job. He had spoken to the rest (Job 34:10) as men of understanding; now, speaking to Job; he puts an if upon his understanding: If thou hast understanding, hear this and observe it, Job 34:16. I. Hear this, That…

John GillParticular Baptist / High Calvinist · 1746–176337

The most exhaustive and the most doctrinally committed here. Expect high — even supralapsarian — Calvinism applied consistently, and unusually heavy use of rabbinic and Talmudic sources for Jewish context. Where a passage bears on election or the will, Gill will read it in one direction, and knowing that in advance is the point.

Why this voice is here: The strongest Calvinist reading available in the public domain, and the best on Jewish background. Read alongside Clarke, not instead of him — between them you get both sides of the argument.

v. 1

Furthermore Elihu answered and said. It is reasonable to suppose that Elihu made a considerable pause, to see whether Job would make any reply to what he had delivered, or object to what he had said; which he gave him free liberty to do, if he had anything…

v. 2

Hear my words, O ye wise men,.... This is not an address to Job's three friends, as some think; for Elihu had expressed his displeasure at them, in condemning Job without convicting him, and returning solid answers to him; and therefore he should not take…

v. 3

For the ear trieth words,.... Not only the musical sound of them, the goodness of the language and diction, and the grammatical construction of them, but the sense of them, and whether the matter of them is good or not; that they are sound speech, which…

Adam ClarkeMethodist / Wesleyan-Arminian · 1810–182630

The linguist of this set. Expect Hebrew and Greek word study, oriental custom, and geography — and an Arminian reading of grace and free will where Gill or Henry would read election. Note one real divergence: Clarke denied the eternal sonship of Christ, a position most of the tradition rejects, so read him closely on the person of Christ.

Why this voice is here: Where you want to know what a word actually says, Clarke is the one who will tell you — with the caveat above on Christ’s sonship.

v. 3

The ear trieth words - I do not think, with Calmet, that the inward ear, or judgment, is meant simply. The Asiatics valued themselves on the nice and harmonious collection of words, both in speaking and in writing; and perhaps it will be found here that Elihu…

v. 4

Let us choose to us judgment - Let us not seek the applause of men, nor contend for victory. Let our aim be to obtain correct views and notions of all things; and let us labor to find out what is good.

v. 5

Job hath said, I am righteous - Job had certainly said the words attributed to him by Elihu, particularly in Job 27:2, etc., but it was in vindication of his aspersed character that he had asserted his own righteousness, and in a different sense to that in…

Keil & DelitzschGerman Lutheran, conservative-critical · 1861–18759

The technical one, and Old Testament only. Expect Hebrew grammar, textual argument, and direct engagement with nineteenth-century critical scholarship — closer to a scholarly apparatus than a devotional read. Where a modern critic claims a text is late or composite, this is where the conservative counter-argument was made.

Why this voice is here: Old Testament only, and heavy going — but the place to look when someone asserts a passage cannot mean what it appears to.

v. 1–4

1 Then began Elihu and said: 2 Hear, ye wise men, my words, And ye experienced ones, give ear to me! 3 For the ear trieth words, As the palate tasteth by eating. 4 Let us find out what is right, Let us explore among ourselves what is good. After his first…

v. 5–9

5 For Job hath said: "I am guiltless, "And God hath put aside my right. 6 "Shall I lie in spite of my right, "Incurable is mine arrow without transgression." 7 Where is there a man like Job, Who drinketh scorning like water, 8 And keepeth company with the…

v. 10–11

10 Therefore, men of understanding, hearken to me! Far be it from god to do evil, And the Almighty to act wrongfully. 11 No indeed, man's work He recompenseth to him, And according to man's walk He causeth it to be with him. "Men of heart," according to…

Jamieson, Fausset & BrownScottish Presbyterian / Reformed · 187133

The concise option. Three authors split the canon, so the voice shifts between sections. Expect brief, sober, conservative notes that resolve difficulties rather than dwelling on them — useful for orientation, thinner than Gill or Clarke where a passage is genuinely contested.

Why this voice is here: The quickest way to see what the mainstream Reformed reading of a passage is. Start here, then go to Gill or Clarke when it matters.

v. 2

This chapter is addressed also to the "friends" as the thirty-third chapter to Job alone.

v. 3

palate--(See on Job 12:11; Job 33:2).

v. 4

judgment--Let us select among the conflicting sentiments advanced, what will stand the test of examination.

World English Bible — Public domain