Psalms

Psalms 109

31 verses · Wisdom · Old Testament

1God of my praise, don’t remain silent, 2for they have opened the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of deceit against me. They have spoken to me with a lying tongue. 3They have also surrounded me with words of hatred, and fought against me without a cause. 4In return for my love, they are my adversaries; but I am in prayer. 5They have rewarded me evil for good, and hatred for my love. 6Set a wicked man over him. Let an adversary stand at his right hand. 7When he is judged, let him come out guilty. Let his prayer be turned into sin. 8Let his days be few. Let another take his office. 9Let his children be fatherless, and his wife a widow. 10Let his children be wandering beggars. Let them be sought from their ruins. 11Let the creditor seize all that he has. Let strangers plunder the fruit of his labor. 12Let there be no one to extend kindness to him, neither let there be anyone to have pity on his fatherless children. 13Let his posterity be cut off. In the generation following let their name be blotted out. 14Let the iniquity of his fathers be remembered by Yahweh. Don’t let the sin of his mother be blotted out. 15Let them be before Yahweh continually, that he may cut off their memory from the earth; 16because he didn’t remember to show kindness, but persecuted the poor and needy man, the broken in heart, to kill them. 17Yes, he loved cursing, and it came to him. He didn’t delight in blessing, and it was far from him. 18He clothed himself also with cursing as with his garment. It came into his inward parts like water, like oil into his bones. 19Let it be to him as the clothing with which he covers himself, for the belt that is always around him. 20This is the reward of my adversaries from Yahweh, of those who speak evil against my soul.
21But deal with me, Yahweh the Lord, for your name’s sake, because your loving kindness is good, deliver me; 22for I am poor and needy. My heart is wounded within me. 23I fade away like an evening shadow. I am shaken off like a locust. 24My knees are weak through fasting. My body is thin and lacks fat. 25I have also become a reproach to them. When they see me, they shake their head. 26Help me, Yahweh, my God. Save me according to your loving kindness; 27that they may know that this is your hand; that you, Yahweh, have done it. 28They may curse, but you bless. When they arise, they will be shamed, but your servant shall rejoice. 29Let my adversaries be clothed with dishonor. Let them cover themselves with their own shame as with a robe. 30I will give great thanks to Yahweh with my mouth. Yes, I will praise him among the multitude. 31For he will stand at the right hand of the needy, to save him from those who judge his soul.

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3 commentators · 40 notes on this chapter

Matthew HenryEnglish Puritan / Nonconformist · 1708–17143

Writes as a pastor rather than a critic. Expect devotional and practical application over historical or linguistic analysis, read through a Reformed covenantal frame — and expect the Old Testament to be read forward toward Christ throughout.

Why this voice is here: The most widely read English commentary for three centuries. Included as a baseline: where Henry and a modern voice diverge, the divergence itself is usually the interesting part.

v. 1–5

It is the unspeakable comfort of all good people that, whoever is against them, God is for them, and to him they may apply as to one that is pleased to concern himself for them. Thus David here. I. He refers himself to God's judgment (Psa 109:1): "Hold not…

v. 6–20

David here fastens upon some one particular person that was worse than the rest of his enemies, and the ringleader of them, and in a devout and pious manner, not from a principle of malice and revenge, but in a holy zeal for God and against sin and with an…

v. 21–31

David, having denounced God's wrath against his enemies, here takes God's comforts to himself, but in a very humble manner, and without boasting. I. He pours out his complaint before God concerning the low condition he was in, which, probably, gave advantage…

John GillParticular Baptist / High Calvinist · 1746–176331

The most exhaustive and the most doctrinally committed here. Expect high — even supralapsarian — Calvinism applied consistently, and unusually heavy use of rabbinic and Talmudic sources for Jewish context. Where a passage bears on election or the will, Gill will read it in one direction, and knowing that in advance is the point.

Why this voice is here: The strongest Calvinist reading available in the public domain, and the best on Jewish background. Read alongside Clarke, not instead of him — between them you get both sides of the argument.

v. 1

Hold not thy peace,.... Or be not as a deaf or dumb man, or like one that turns a deaf ear and will give no answer; so the Lord seems to his people when he does not give an immediate answer to their prayers, and does not arise to help them; he seems to have…

v. 2

For the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of the deceitful are opened against me,.... Or "of deceit" (x) itself; most wicked and very deceitful men, who sometimes flattered and pretended friendship, as the Jews did to Christ, when they designed ill against…

v. 3

They compassed me about also with words of hatred,.... They surrounded him as he hung on the cross, and expressed their malice and hatred against him; then was he enclosed with these spiteful snarling dogs, and encompassed by them as with so many bees, who…

Keil & DelitzschGerman Lutheran, conservative-critical · 1861–18756

The technical one, and Old Testament only. Expect Hebrew grammar, textual argument, and direct engagement with nineteenth-century critical scholarship — closer to a scholarly apparatus than a devotional read. Where a modern critic claims a text is late or composite, this is where the conservative counter-argument was made.

Why this voice is here: Old Testament only, and heavy going — but the place to look when someone asserts a passage cannot mean what it appears to.

v. 1–5

A sign for help and complaints of ungrateful persecutors form the beginning of the Psalm. "God of my praise" is equivalent to God, who art my praise, Jer 17:14, cf. Deu 10:21. The God whom the Psalmist has hitherto had reason to praise will also now show…

v. 6–10

The writer now turns to one among the many, and in the angry zealous fervour of despised love calls down God's judgment upon him. To call down a higher power, more particularly for punishment, upon any one is expressed by על (הפקיד) פּקד, Jer 15:3; Lev 26:16…

v. 11–15

The Piel נקּשׁ properly signifies to catch in snares; here, like the Arabic Arab. nqš, II, IV, corresponding to the Latin obligare (as referring to the creditor's right of claim); nosheh is the name of the creditor as he who gives time for payment, gives…

World English Bible — Public domain