Psalms

Psalms 18

50 verses · Wisdom · Old Testament

1I love you, Yahweh, my strength. 2Yahweh is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my rock, in whom I take refuge; my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower. 3I call on Yahweh, who is worthy to be praised; and I am saved from my enemies. 4The cords of death surrounded me. The floods of ungodliness made me afraid. 5The cords of Sheol were around me. The snares of death came on me. 6In my distress I called on Yahweh, and cried to my God. He heard my voice out of his temple. My cry before him came into his ears. 7Then the earth shook and trembled. The foundations also of the mountains quaked and were shaken, because he was angry. 8Smoke went out of his nostrils. Consuming fire came out of his mouth. Coals were kindled by it. 9He bowed the heavens also, and came down. Thick darkness was under his feet. 10He rode on a cherub, and flew. Yes, he soared on the wings of the wind. 11He made darkness his hiding place, his pavilion around him, darkness of waters, thick clouds of the skies. 12At the brightness before him his thick clouds passed, hailstones and coals of fire. 13Yahweh also thundered in the sky. The Most High uttered his voice: hailstones and coals of fire. 14He sent out his arrows, and scattered them; Yes, great lightning bolts, and routed them. 15Then the channels of waters appeared. The foundations of the world were laid bare at your rebuke, Yahweh, at the blast of the breath of your nostrils. 16He sent from on high. He took me. He drew me out of many waters. 17He delivered me from my strong enemy, from those who hated me; for they were too mighty for me. 18They came on me in the day of my calamity, but Yahweh was my support. 19He brought me out also into a large place. He delivered me, because he delighted in me. 20Yahweh has rewarded me according to my righteousness. According to the cleanness of my hands, he has recompensed me. 21For I have kept the ways of Yahweh, and have not wickedly departed from my God. 22For all his ordinances were before me. I didn’t put away his statutes from me. 23I was also blameless with him. I kept myself from my iniquity. 24Therefore Yahweh has rewarded me according to my righteousness, according to the cleanness of my hands in his eyesight. 25With the merciful you will show yourself merciful. With the perfect man, you will show yourself perfect. 26With the pure, you will show yourself pure. With the crooked you will show yourself shrewd. 27For you will save the afflicted people, but the arrogant eyes you will bring down. 28For you will light my lamp, Yahweh. My God will light up my darkness. 29For by you, I advance through a troop. By my God, I leap over a wall. 30As for God, his way is perfect. Yahweh’s word is tried. He is a shield to all those who take refuge in him. 31For who is God, except Yahweh? Who is a rock, besides our God, 32the God who arms me with strength, and makes my way perfect? 33He makes my feet like deer’s feet, and sets me on my high places. 34He teaches my hands to war, so that my arms bend a bow of bronze. 35You have also given me the shield of your salvation. Your right hand sustains me. Your gentleness has made me great. 36You have enlarged my steps under me, My feet have not slipped. 37I will pursue my enemies, and overtake them. I won’t turn away until they are consumed. 38I will strike them through, so that they will not be able to rise. They shall fall under my feet. 39For you have armed me with strength to the battle. You have subdued under me those who rose up against me. 40You have also made my enemies turn their backs to me, that I might cut off those who hate me. 41They cried, but there was no one to save; even to Yahweh, but he didn’t answer them. 42Then I beat them small as the dust before the wind. I cast them out as the mire of the streets. 43You have delivered me from the strivings of the people. You have made me the head of the nations. A people whom I have not known shall serve me. 44As soon as they hear of me they shall obey me. The foreigners shall submit themselves to me. 45The foreigners shall fade away, and shall come trembling out of their strongholds. 46Yahweh lives! Blessed be my rock. Exalted be the God of my salvation, 47even the God who executes vengeance for me, and subdues peoples under me. 48He rescues me from my enemies. Yes, you lift me up above those who rise up against me. You deliver me from the violent man. 49Therefore I will give thanks to you, Yahweh, among the nations, and will sing praises to your name. 50He gives great deliverance to his king, and shows loving kindness to his anointed, to David and to his offspring, forever more.

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What others are saying

4 commentators · 107 notes on this chapter

Matthew HenryEnglish Puritan / Nonconformist · 1708–17143

Writes as a pastor rather than a critic. Expect devotional and practical application over historical or linguistic analysis, read through a Reformed covenantal frame — and expect the Old Testament to be read forward toward Christ throughout.

Why this voice is here: The most widely read English commentary for three centuries. Included as a baseline: where Henry and a modern voice diverge, the divergence itself is usually the interesting part.

v. 1–19

The title gives us the occasion of penning this psalm; we had it before (Sa2 22:1), only here we are told that the psalm was delivered to the chief musician, or precentor, in the temple-songs. Note, The private compositions of good men, designed by them for…

v. 20–28

Here, I. David reflects with comfort upon his own integrity, and rejoices in the testimony of his conscience that he had had his conversation in godly sincerity and not with fleshly wisdom, Co2 1:12. His deliverances were an evidence of this, and this was the…

v. 29–50

In these verses, I. David looks back, with thankfulness, upon the great things which God had done for him. He had not only wrought deliverance for him, but had given him victory and success, and made him triumph over those who thought to triumph over him…

John GillParticular Baptist / High Calvinist · 1746–176350

The most exhaustive and the most doctrinally committed here. Expect high — even supralapsarian — Calvinism applied consistently, and unusually heavy use of rabbinic and Talmudic sources for Jewish context. Where a passage bears on election or the will, Gill will read it in one direction, and knowing that in advance is the point.

Why this voice is here: The strongest Calvinist reading available in the public domain, and the best on Jewish background. Read alongside Clarke, not instead of him — between them you get both sides of the argument.

v. 1

I will love thee, O Lord, my strength. These words are not in twenty second chapter of Second Samuel: the psalm there begins with Psalm 18:2. The psalmist here expresses his love to the Lord, and his continuance in it; that Jehovah the Father was, is, and…

v. 2

The Lord is my rock,.... To whom the saints have recourse for shelter and safety, for supply, support, and divine refreshment; and in whom they are secure, and on whom they build their hopes of eternal life and happiness, and so are safe from all enemies, and…

v. 3

I will call upon the Lord,.... In prayer, for fresh mercies, and further appearances of himself, and discoveries of his grace and favour; who is worthy to be praised; for the perfections of his nature, the works of his hands, his providential goodness, and…

Keil & DelitzschGerman Lutheran, conservative-critical · 1861–187516

The technical one, and Old Testament only. Expect Hebrew grammar, textual argument, and direct engagement with nineteenth-century critical scholarship — closer to a scholarly apparatus than a devotional read. Where a modern critic claims a text is late or composite, this is where the conservative counter-argument was made.

Why this voice is here: Old Testament only, and heavy going — but the place to look when someone asserts a passage cannot mean what it appears to.

v. 1–3

(Heb.: 18:2-4) The poet opens with a number of endearing names for God, in which he gratefully comprehends the results of long and varied experience. So far as regards the parallelism of the members, a monostich forms the beginning of this Psalm, as in Psa…

v. 4–6

(Heb.: 18:5-7) In these verses David gathers into one collective figure all the fearful dangers to which he had been exposed during his persecution by Saul, together with the marvellous answers and deliverances he experienced, that which is unseen, which…

v. 7–9

(Heb.: 18:8-10) As these verses go on to describe, the being heard became manifest in the form of deliverance. All nature stands to man in a sympathetic relationship, sharing his curse and blessing, his destruction and glory, and to God is a (so to speak)…

Jamieson, Fausset & BrownScottish Presbyterian / Reformed · 187138

The concise option. Three authors split the canon, so the voice shifts between sections. Expect brief, sober, conservative notes that resolve difficulties rather than dwelling on them — useful for orientation, thinner than Gill or Clarke where a passage is genuinely contested.

Why this voice is here: The quickest way to see what the mainstream Reformed reading of a passage is. Start here, then go to Gill or Clarke when it matters.

v. 2

The various terms used describe God as an object of the most implicit and reliable trust. rock--literally, "a cleft rock," for concealment. strength--a firm, immovable rock. horn of my salvation--The horn, as the means of attack or defense of some of the…

v. 3

to be praised--for past favors, and worthy of confidence.

v. 4

sorrows--literally, "bands as of a net" (Psa 116:3). floods--denotes "multitude."

World English Bible — Public domain