Psalms

Psalms 22

31 verses · Wisdom · Old Testament

1My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? Why are you so far from helping me, and from the words of my groaning? 2My God, I cry in the daytime, but you don’t answer; in the night season, and am not silent. 3But you are holy, you who inhabit the praises of Israel. 4Our fathers trusted in you. They trusted, and you delivered them. 5They cried to you, and were delivered. They trusted in you, and were not disappointed. 6But I am a worm, and no man; a reproach of men, and despised by the people. 7All those who see me mock me. They insult me with their lips. They shake their heads, saying, 8“He trusts in Yahweh. Let him deliver him. Let him rescue him, since he delights in him.” 9But you brought me out of the womb. You made me trust while at my mother’s breasts. 10I was thrown on you from my mother’s womb. You are my God since my mother bore me. 11Don’t be far from me, for trouble is near. For there is no one to help. 12Many bulls have surrounded me. Strong bulls of Bashan have encircled me. 13They open their mouths wide against me, lions tearing prey and roaring. 14I am poured out like water. All my bones are out of joint. My heart is like wax. It is melted within me. 15My strength is dried up like a potsherd. My tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth. You have brought me into the dust of death. 16For dogs have surrounded me. A company of evildoers have enclosed me. They have pierced my hands and feet. 17I can count all of my bones. They look and stare at me. 18They divide my garments among them. They cast lots for my clothing.
19But don’t be far off, Yahweh. You are my help. Hurry to help me! 20Deliver my soul from the sword, my precious life from the power of the dog. 21Save me from the lion’s mouth! Yes, you have rescued me from the horns of the wild oxen.
22I will declare your name to my brothers. Among the assembly, I will praise you. 23You who fear Yahweh, praise him! All you descendants of Jacob, glorify him! Stand in awe of him, all you descendants of Israel! 24For he has not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted, Neither has he hidden his face from him; but when he cried to him, he heard.
25My praise of you comes in the great assembly. I will pay my vows before those who fear him. 26The humble shall eat and be satisfied. They shall praise Yahweh who seek after him. Let your hearts live forever. 27All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn to Yahweh. All the relatives of the nations shall worship before you. 28For the kingdom is Yahweh’s. He is the ruler over the nations. 29All the rich ones of the earth shall eat and worship. All those who go down to the dust shall bow before him, even he who can’t keep his soul alive. 30Posterity shall serve him. Future generations shall be told about the Lord. 31They shall come and shall declare his righteousness to a people that shall be born, for he has done it.

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What others are saying

4 commentators · 68 notes on this chapter

Matthew HenryEnglish Puritan / Nonconformist · 1708–17143

Writes as a pastor rather than a critic. Expect devotional and practical application over historical or linguistic analysis, read through a Reformed covenantal frame — and expect the Old Testament to be read forward toward Christ throughout.

Why this voice is here: The most widely read English commentary for three centuries. Included as a baseline: where Henry and a modern voice diverge, the divergence itself is usually the interesting part.

v. 1–10

Some think they find Christ in the title of this psalm, upon Aijeleth Shahar - The hind of the morning. Christ is as the swift hind upon the mountains of spices (Sol 8:14), as the loving hind and the pleasant roe, to all believers (Pro 5:19); he giveth goodly…

v. 11–21

In these verses we have Christ suffering and Christ praying, by which we are directed to look for crosses and to look up to God under them. I. Here is Christ suffering. David indeed was often in trouble, and beset with enemies; but many of the particulars…

v. 22–31

The same that began the psalm complaining, who was no other than Christ in his humiliation, ends it here triumphing, and it can be no other than Christ in his exaltation. And, as the first words of the complaint were used by Christ himself upon the cross, so…

John GillParticular Baptist / High Calvinist · 1746–176331

The most exhaustive and the most doctrinally committed here. Expect high — even supralapsarian — Calvinism applied consistently, and unusually heavy use of rabbinic and Talmudic sources for Jewish context. Where a passage bears on election or the will, Gill will read it in one direction, and knowing that in advance is the point.

Why this voice is here: The strongest Calvinist reading available in the public domain, and the best on Jewish background. Read alongside Clarke, not instead of him — between them you get both sides of the argument.

v. 1

My God, my God,.... God is the God of Christ as he is man; he prepared a body for him, an human nature; anointed it with the oil of gladness; supported it under all its sorrows and sufferings, and at last exalted it at his own right hand:, and Christ behaved…

v. 2

O my God, I cry in the daytime,.... In the time of his suffering on the cross, which was in the daytime: but thou hearest me not; and yet he was always heard, John 11:41; though he was not saved from dying, yet he was quickly delivered from the power of…

v. 3

But thou art holy,.... Which may be considered either as an argument with his God, why he should hear and answer him, since he is holy, just, and faithful; he has promised, when any call upon him in a day of trouble, he will hear and answer them, and will be…

Keil & DelitzschGerman Lutheran, conservative-critical · 1861–187512

The technical one, and Old Testament only. Expect Hebrew grammar, textual argument, and direct engagement with nineteenth-century critical scholarship — closer to a scholarly apparatus than a devotional read. Where a modern critic claims a text is late or composite, this is where the conservative counter-argument was made.

Why this voice is here: Old Testament only, and heavy going — but the place to look when someone asserts a passage cannot mean what it appears to.

v. 1–2

(Heb.: 22:2-3) In the first division, Psa 22:2, the disconsolate cry of anguish, beginning here in Psa 22:2 with the lamentation over prolonged desertion by God, struggles through to an incipient, trustfully inclined prayer. The question beginning with למּה…

v. 3–5

(Heb.: 22:4-6) The sufferer reminds Jahve of the contradiction between the long season of helplessness and His readiness to help so frequently and so promptly attested. ואתּה opens an adverbial clause of the counterargument: although Thou art...Jahve is…

v. 6–8

(Heb.: 22:7-9)The sufferer complains of the greatness of his reproach, in order to move Jahve, who is Himself involved therein, to send him speedy succour. Notwithstanding his cry for help, he is in the deepest affliction without rescue. Every word of Psa…

Jamieson, Fausset & BrownScottish Presbyterian / Reformed · 187122

The concise option. Three authors split the canon, so the voice shifts between sections. Expect brief, sober, conservative notes that resolve difficulties rather than dwelling on them — useful for orientation, thinner than Gill or Clarke where a passage is genuinely contested.

Why this voice is here: The quickest way to see what the mainstream Reformed reading of a passage is. Start here, then go to Gill or Clarke when it matters.

v. 2

The long distress is evinced by-- am not silent--literally, "not silence to me," either meaning, I continually cry; or, corresponding with "thou hearest not," or answerest not, it may mean, there is no rest or quiet to me.

v. 3

Still he not only refrains from charging God foolishly, but evinces his confidence in God by appealing to Him. thou art holy--or possessed of all the attributes which encourage trust, and the right object of the praises of the Church: hence the sufferer need…

v. 4–5

Past experience of God's people is a ground of trust. The mention of "our fathers" does not destroy the applicability of the words as the language of our Saviour's human nature.

World English Bible — Public domain